Eczema

Understanding Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema):

What is Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)?

Atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterised by inflammation and irritation. It is also more common in individuals with a personal or family history of hayfever and/or asthma. It often results in red, itchy rashes, which can vary in severity. Eczema is common in children but can affect individuals of all ages.

Causes of Eczema

The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers and contributors include:

  • Genetics: Eczema often runs in families, indicating a genetic predisposition. It is also more common in individuals with a personal or family history of hayfever and/or asthma.

  • Allergens: Exposure to allergens like pollen, pet dander, house dust mite, or certain foods can exacerbate eczema symptoms.

  • Irritants: Substances like harsh soaps, detergents, and some fabrics can irritate the skin and trigger eczema flares.

  • Dry Skin: Insufficient skin hydration can make the skin more susceptible to eczema.

Treatment Options for Eczema

  1. Topical Corticosteroids: These medications reduce inflammation and relieve itching, often used during eczema flares.

  2. Emollients: Moisturising creams and ointments help keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.

  3. Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Non-steroidal medications that control inflammation, suitable for sensitive areas.

  4. Wet Dressings: Wrapping or covering the affected areas with wet dressings can provide relief and prevent scratching.

  5. Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens and irritants that worsen eczema is essential.

  6. Lifestyle Adjustments: Implementing a gentle skincare routine and practicing good skin hygiene can help manage eczema.

  7. UVB Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to UVB light can be an effective treatment option for eczema. This is performed at a dermatology private practice or in a specialist hospital department.

  8. Biologics and Systemic Medications: In severe cases, dermatologists may recommend these treatments to control inflammation and symptoms.

While there is no cure for eczema, effective management can provide relief and improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition.